Menthol the bait to trap smokers, researchers say
Hoping to lure a new generation of smokers, tobacco companies routinely manipulate levels of menthol so that their cigarettes prove more appealing and less harsh to novice users, Boston researchers reported yesterday.
Scientists from the Harvard School of Public Health scoured thousands of pages of industry documents from the 1980s through 2006 and commissioned laboratory tests of cigarettes to confirm a long-suspected link between menthol levels and marketing strategies.
The researchers found that tobacco companies embrace a Goldilocks approach when launching brands: Add too little menthol, a chemical that has an effect akin to anesthesia, and tobacco retains its intense bite. Add too much, and first-time smokers are overwhelmed. Add just the right amount, and cigarettes become powerfully seductive.
A 1987 internal memo from R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., maker of the Salem brand, which uses menthol, summarized the benefits of low-level menthol cigarettes: "Smoother, more refreshing tobacco taste." Such a product, the memo said, would be a "proven winner" among 18- to 24-year-olds.
Once hooked, the documents show, smokers require increasing levels of menthol to maintain the same cooling effect. Cigarette makers, in turn, respond with brands that contain more of the additive, the Harvard scientists said.
Representatives of large tobacco companies decried the study, with Lorillard Tobacco Co., maker of Newport and other menthol products, saying in a statement that the firm "does not control levels of menthol to promote smoking among adolescents and young adults."
A spokesman with the nation’s largest cigarette maker, Philip Morris USA, said the company doesn’t "believe the study’s hypothesis or conclusions are supported by the facts cited in the study."
The findings, published online by the American Journal of Public Health, arrive at a critical moment, as Congress is close to giving the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate tobacco. Those rules would not explicitly ban menthol, something that has deeply divided public health advocates.
Stanton Glantz, a professor at the University of California at San Francisco, said the Harvard study shows a willful pattern of action by tobacco companies that can only be remedied by a federal ban.
"As you always find when you go digging into the industry documents, the companies are very smart and very thorough and don’t do anything by accident," Glantz said. "This is a very important element of cigarette marketing and design."
Smoking - which is linked to cancer, heart disease, and other ailments - kills more than 400,000 Americans a year and is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.
Scientists not involved with the Harvard study hailed it as a landmark piece of research, sketching the richest portrait ever of the industry’s use of menthol to attract consumers. Dr. Michael Siegel, a tobacco-control researcher at Boston University School of Public Health, said it "really demonstrates that menthol is playing a major role in maintaining cigarette consumption and especially in recruiting and supporting addiction among youth and young adults."

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individual businesses to decide whether smokers can use it indoors. 
obstacles for UB smokers. 

that will sell cigarettes at a considerable discount and ship them to New York addresses. Although these sites are of questionable legality, enforcement is very difficult.
safer than regular ones.
and Drug Administration broad new authority to regulate tobacco and
The budget cuts lawmakers are considering to health programs for the poor are unconscionable — especially when a reasonable increase of the tax on cigarettes could raise badly needed money.
Liggett Group will convert all of its domestic